"Juan Martín el Empecinado" by Benito Pérez Galdós is a historical novel published in 1874. The ninth installment in the first series of National Episodes, it follows Gabriel de Araceli, an officer in the regular army, as he encounters the legendary guerrilla leader Juan Martín el Empecinado during the Spanish War of Independence. Through military skirmishes and the emerging tactics of guerrilla warfare, Galdós paints a portrait of this Spanish leader while exploring the archetypal figure of the caudillo in Spanish culture. (This is an automatically generated summary.)